Top 10 Countries Controlling 95% of the Global Coal Supply
Coal, a black or brownish-black sedimentary rock primarily composed of carbon, has been the backbone of many nations' energy grids for generations. Coal plays a pivotal role in the global energy landscape. As of 2022, coal accounted for more than 7.4 billion tonnes of oil equivalent (Btoe) in consumption, indicating its prominent position in the energy sector.
A major segment of coal's utilization is in electricity generation. Around 38% of the world's electricity is derived from coal. In countries such as China and India, coal-fired power plants contribute approximately 65% and 70% to their total electricity outputs, respectively, underscoring its importance in these major economies.
Here's a look at the top 10 countries dominating the coal export game, collectively controlling 95% of the global coal supply.
Australia ($83.3B): Taking the top spot, Australia is an undisputed coal giant. With vast coal reserves and sophisticated mining operations, it plays a significant role in the energy grids of numerous nations, especially in the Asia-Pacific region.
Indonesia ($46.7B): Following closely is Indonesia, a nation with an abundance of coal deposits, primarily in Sumatra and Kalimantan. The archipelago's strategic location makes it an ideal export hub, catering to the growing demands of Asian economies.
Russia ($42.8B): Known for its vast natural resources, Russia's coal sector is no exception. Siberia, with its immense coal deposits, propels Russia to the third spot in global coal exports.
United States ($17.3B): While domestic coal consumption has seen a decline, the U.S. remains a leading exporter. Its strategic location allows it to cater to both European and Asian markets efficiently.
South Africa ($13B): With the Richards Bay Coal Terminal, one of the world's largest coal export terminals, South Africa has a distinct advantage in reaching global markets.
Canada ($10.8B): Canada, known for its rich mineral resources, is also a key player in the coal export sector. With its coal-rich provinces like British Columbia and Alberta, Canada supplies significant amounts to the global coal market.
Mongolia ($6.5B): Its proximity to China, the world's largest coal consumer, positions Mongolia as a significant exporter. With substantial untapped reserves, its role in the coal market is expected to grow.
Netherlands ($2.2B): An unexpected player, the Netherlands has coal exports valued at $2.2B. This might include re-exports, where coal is imported to be processed or refined before being exported again.
Mozambique ($2B): Its advantageous location along the southeastern coast of Africa, coupled with its access to key shipping routes, places Mozambique as a promising coal exporter.
Poland ($1.6B): Rounding off the list is Poland, with coal exports valued at $1.6B. As a significant coal producer in Europe, Poland plays a crucial role in supplying coal to its neighboring countries.
These top 10 countries, with their colossal coal reserves and infrastructural advantages, will likely continue to play a dominant role in the coal trade, influencing global energy markets and policies. With respect to environmental considerations, the energy sector has explored and invested in technologies to make coal combustion more efficient. One such technological approach is Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS). This technology aims to capture a significant portion of carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel-based electricity generation. By 2021, there were around 21 large-scale CCS facilities globally.
In parallel, the global energy sector is seeing a rise in the adoption of renewable energy sources. By 2022, renewables like wind and solar accounted for nearly 28% of global power generation. However, the reliance on coal remains pronounced in many developing nations due to its affordability and the presence of established infrastructure.
Source:
https://www.worldstopexports.com/coal-exports-country/?expand_article=1
